Medically reviewed by
M.Ch. Urology (CMC Vellore) · Fellowship in Urologic Oncology & Robotic Surgery (University of Miami) · NMC Reg. No. NMC/2005020914
This page is for general health information and education only. It does not replace a consultation, diagnosis or treatment by a qualified doctor who has examined you.
Adrenal tumours are lumps in the small glands above the kidneys. Most are found by chance on scans and are harmless, but every adrenal mass needs hormone testing, and some need removal by keyhole or robotic surgery (adrenalectomy).
Incidental adrenal masses (incidentalomas)
An adrenal mass found on a CT scan done for another reason is called an incidentaloma. The two questions are: is it producing hormones, and could it be cancerous? CT features such as size and density help answer the second question.
Hormone tests
- Overnight dexamethasone suppression test for excess cortisol
- Plasma or urine metanephrines for phaeochromocytoma
- Aldosterone and renin in people with high blood pressure or low potassium
When surgery is recommended
Surgery is usually advised for tumours that produce excess hormones, tumours that are large or growing, and tumours with suspicious features on imaging. Small, non-functioning adrenal masses with benign features often only need monitoring or no further tests.
Robotic adrenalectomy
Robotic adrenalectomy removes the adrenal gland through small cuts. Patients with hormone-producing tumours, especially phaeochromocytoma, need careful medical preparation with an endocrinologist before surgery.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are adrenal tumours usually cancer?
No. Most incidental adrenal masses are benign adenomas. Hormone tests and imaging features help identify the few that need treatment.
Can I live normally with one adrenal gland?
Yes. The remaining adrenal gland usually produces enough hormones. After removing a cortisol-producing tumour, temporary steroid replacement may be needed.
References
- Fassnacht M et al. European Society of Endocrinology clinical practice guidelines on the management of adrenal incidentalomas. Eur J Endocrinol 2023;189:G1–G42.