Medically reviewed by
M.Ch. Urology (CMC Vellore) · Fellowship in Urologic Oncology & Robotic Surgery (University of Miami) · NMC Reg. No. NMC/2005020914
This page is for general health information and education only. It does not replace a consultation, diagnosis or treatment by a qualified doctor who has examined you.
For prostate cancer that has not spread, the main choices are active surveillance, surgery (radical prostatectomy) and radiation therapy. Each has different trade-offs, and the best option depends on the cancer’s risk group, your health and what matters most to you.
Comparison
| Active surveillance | Robotic prostatectomy | Radiation therapy | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Usually suits | Low-risk and some favourable intermediate-risk cancer | Localised cancer in men fit for surgery | Localised or locally advanced cancer |
| What it involves | Regular PSA, MRI and biopsies | Removal of the prostate; 2–3 days in hospital | Daily treatment for 1–8 weeks depending on schedule; sometimes hormone therapy |
| Common side effects | Anxiety; side effects of repeat biopsies | Temporary urine leakage; erection problems | Bowel and bladder irritation; erection problems |
| If cancer returns | Switch to active treatment | Radiation can be given afterwards | Further treatment options exist but surgery is more complex |
Read more about prostate cancer, robotic vs open prostatectomy and getting a second opinion.
References
- EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-ISUP-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer, 2025 edition. uroweb.org
- Eastham JA et al. Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer: AUA/ASTRO Guideline. J Urol 2022;208:10–18.